I. Introduction
Weather radars are crucial tools for monitoring and predicting weather phenomena, varying in types and scanning ranges. Depending on different frequency bands and functions, weather radars can be classified into multiple types, each with distinct detection ranges.
II. S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band Weather Radars
The S-band is typically used for precipitation observation, with a maximum warning range of 460 kilometers and a quantitative detection range of 230 kilometers. S-band radars are suitable for capturing heavy rain and hail, with their detection capability allowing observation of atmospheric conditions from near the ground to a height of 2 kilometers at a distance of 6 kilometers from the radar, and up to 10 kilometers at a distance of 30 kilometers from the radar.
X-band radars feature high resolution, making them suitable for detailed detection of local convective weather processes, with a maximum warning range of 150 kilometers. X-band radars can effectively monitor fine features such as typhoon eyes and spiral rainbands.
C-band radars are suitable for monitoring large-scale regional weather processes, with a maximum warning range of 400 kilometers and a quantitative detection range of 200 kilometers. C-band radars are often used in western mountainous regions where precipitation is relatively low.
III. Doppler Weather Radars
Doppler weather radars can measure the speed and direction of precipitation particles, aiding meteorologists in analyzing weather phenomena. These radars detect moving particles in the atmosphere through the Doppler effect, thereby providing more precise weather information.
IV. Dual-Polarization Weather Radars
Dual-polarization weather radars can distinguish between types of precipitation by utilizing horizontal and vertical polarization waves to classify and identify precipitation. This type of radar plays a significant role in improving the accuracy of precipitation type identification.
V. Phased Array Weather Radars
Phased array weather radars employ electronic scanning technology, enabling rapid adjustment of scanning directions. They represent one of the development directions for the new generation of weather radars. Such radars offer higher flexibility and real-time capability, making them suitable for complex terrains and rapidly changing weather conditions.
